장영호요즘에는 디스크 교체시에 디스크 copy하는 장치를 많이 사용합니다.
하지만 디스크 사이즈가 큰거에서 작은 거로는 카피가 안됩니다.
수동으로 작업하는 방법에 대해 적을 것이며 가상 머신에서 테스트 하였습니다.
- 현재 디스크 확인
[root@jyh-server ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 99G 2.6G 91G 3% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
# 현재 100G로 운영중이다.
- 교체할 디스크 장착후 포멧 마운트
[root@jyh-server ~]# fdisk -u /dev/vdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6af0de1e.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 52012 cylinders, total 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6af0de1e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (63-52428799, default 63):
Using default value 63
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (63-52428799, default 52428799):
Using default value 52428799
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@jyh-server ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6553592 blocks
327679 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@jyh-server ~]# mkdir /test
[root@jyh-server ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /test
[root@jyh-server ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 99G 2.6G 91G 3% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb1 ext4 25G 44M 24G 1% /test
- 데이터 복사
[root@jyh-server ~]# rsync -ahPHAXx --delete --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/mnt/*,/media/*,/lost+found} / /test
sending incremental file list
./
.autofsck
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=1057/1059)
.autorelabel
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=1056/1059)
bin/
bin/alsaunmute
123 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=1119/1144)
bin/arch
24.23K 100% 23.11MB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#4, to-check=1118/1144)
bin/awk -> gawk
bin/basename
23.72K 100% 11.31MB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#5, to-check=1116/1144)
bin/bash
...
...
...
var/spool/postfix/private/virtual
var/spool/postfix/public/
var/spool/postfix/public/cleanup
var/spool/postfix/public/flush
var/spool/postfix/public/pickup
var/spool/postfix/public/qmgr
var/spool/postfix/public/showq
var/tmp/
var/yp/
sent 2.35G bytes received 2.78M bytes 32.90M bytes/sec
total size is 2.53G speedup is 1.07
- grub 설치
[root@jyh-server ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/test --recheck /dev/vdb
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /test/boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/vda
(hd1) /dev/vdb
- grub.cfg, fstab 파일 수정
[root@jyh-server ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="4f6b4c0c-e807-4f6d-9ad5-67f182f84b05" TYPE="ext4" --> 교체전 디스크 uuid
/dev/vdb1: UUID="df62cccf-7fef-455a-8fa9-d8a5b31bb0f4" TYPE="ext4" --> 교체할 디스크 uuid
[root@jyh-server ~]# cat /test/etc/grub.conf
...
...
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=df62cccf-7fef-455a-8fa9-d8a5b31bb0f4 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
...
...
[root@jyh-server ~]# cat /test/etc/fstab
...
...
UUID=df62cccf-7fef-455a-8fa9-d8a5b31bb0f4 / ext4 defaults 1 1
...
...
[root@jyh-server ~]# umount /test
- 디스크 교체 후 부팅 확인
[root@jyh-server ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 25G 2.5G 21G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm
# 정상적으로 부팅 되었으며 디스크 사이즈가 25G로 줄었다.